Radiator.



M. J. PARQUHAR.

RADIATOR.

A P PLIO ATION FILED MAY 14, 1909.

Patented July 15, 1913.

Loemls.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

INI 'EA/TUR V/TNESSES @Allan/gy.;

. J. PARQUHAR.

RADIATOR.

APPLIGTION FILED MAY 14, 1909.

Patented July'l, 1913.

Z SHEETS-SHEET 2.

MAI/017191 S I MILTON J. FARQUHAR,

0F WILMINGTON, OHIO.

RADIATOR.

Specification of Letters Iatent.

Patented July 15, 1913.

Application led May 14, 1909. Serial No. 495,989.

To all 'wiz-0m t may concern:

Be it known that I, MILTON J. FARQUHAR, a citizen of the United States, residing at lVilmington, in the county of Clinton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Radiators; and I do hereby declare the following4 to be a full, clear, and exact description' of the iii-- vention, such as will enable others skilled in the'art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

4The objects of my invention areto simplify and improve the construction of steam and hot water radiators; to provide a practicable construction which can be manufactured from sheet metal; to reduce the space occupied in the room; to eliminate the necessity of steam or water valves for controlling the heat; to provide for-ventilation without risk of damageby frost; and especially to improve the operation and increase the etliciency of radiators by an `increase of air circulation, better control of the heat, and voidance of unsanitary accumulations of ust.

It has been the practice to construct radiators with `the spaces for the heating fluid as large or larger than the s aces for the circulation of air and with t e air spaces obstructed more or less at the top and base. For the best eiiciency a construction is necl essary that tends to keep the air in motion in away to produce the most rapid changing of the molecules in contact with the airheating surfaces, so as to avoid the scorching that renders the air unwholesome to breathe as well as to facilitate the rapid transmission of the heat. To accomphsh this it is necessary that the air spaces be relatively large, upright, inclosed in chimney-like form, unobstructed and smooth.

The hollow spaces for the steam or Vhot water need be only just large enough to carry as much as the pipes leading to the radiator and to give free access to all portions of the metal heatingsnrfaces. Too much space increases the bulk and obtrusivcness of the radiator and the volume of' the heating fluid required to lillit. The circulation of the heating fluid, steam or hot water, is impelled by a force manytimes stronger than the force of the air circulation, and the air is relativ-ely the most rarefied substance. The enlarged volume of the circulating air effects a more .thorough and uniform distribution of heat and fresh air throughout the apartment. 4

For the foregoing reasons and objects, I

'have adopted a material and forni of construction that lend themselves to a reduction of spaces for the heating fluid and to relatively large, smooth, unobstructed, chimney-li-ke spaces for the circulation of air; sheet metal` being employed, although I do not mean to confine myself essentially to this material, since my `invention in its broader aspects may be embodied in a construction of cast-iron or other material.

In myv improved construction, as represented in the accompanying drawings, the vertical air spaces are relatively large, are open at top and bottom, are inclosed at the back by a separate sheet, may be subdivided into smaller rectangularspaces 'by vertical cross partitions, and alternate with the relatively narrow spaces for the heating-fluid, which are closed at the top and bottom and back, but `communicate at'the front with a large common transverse space connected with the inlet and outlet pipes and inclosed by ametal front late or sheet which is the only portion visib e to the room, and which maybe pressed intoa panel, or into various arrangements of corrugations, or may be 'dotted with depressions to bring the ront sheet linto contact with the front edges of the air-chambers so that they can be tied together to resistthe strain of internal pressure. The walls of the narrow spaces at right angles to the front plate may be tied together in like manner.

A large air valve or mufller at the top of the radiator gives control of the air circulation, hence of. the heat conveyed into the room. When partiall closed it reduces the heat transmission. llihen closed it practically stops all heat transmission except that of the front exterior surface, which is sufticient only to keep the room Warm in mild Weather. This controlis simpler vthan the usual steam or water valves, less subject to misuse, mishap, leakage and wear, and better in the hands ofthe unskilled and more easily manipulated by automatic heat regulators. This mufllor also serves as a de-V leotor to direct the air currents awav from the wall of the rooms.

At the base of the radiator there may be -provided an openinoeither in the wallA or Hoor for admitting fresh out-door air and a valve for closing said opening or for con trolling the volume of fresh air admitted.

The absence of steam or water valves reduces the danger of freezing and the relatively narrow spaces for ice and the flexibility of the sheet metal eliminates the damage even away to reveal the constructionbehind the same. Fig. 2 is a cross-section on line2-2 of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is partly a top plan view with the muffler removed and partly a horizontal section.

It should be understood that the following description is made with reference to the l preferred form and sheet metal construction illustrated in the drawings, and without intention of limiting myself to any specic details or means and ways of constructing the parts of the radiator, except as hereinafter pointed out in the claims, since I reserve the right to such changes inform, arrangement or design and modification in details as may be comprehendd within the spirit and scope of my invention. l

An explanation of the illustrated construction is as follows: The body of the radiator is composed of a front sheet 1 and a back sheet 2, the latter being folded back and forth upon itself to provide a series of narrow heating spaces 3 alternating with a series of wide air spaces 4. See Fig. 3. The whole series of heat passages and alternating air spaces is inclosed at the rear and sides by a back sheet 5 having its ends 6 bent around andextendin to the front sheet 1.`

The front bends of t e folded sheet 2 confront the back surface'of the'front sheet 1, so that the folds` of said sheet 2 and the alternating heat and air .spaces extend vat right angles to the front sheet, though the particular angle is not essential.

In practice, after the sheet 2 has been folded in the manner mentioned, the two sheets l and 2 are desirably made into an integral or single continuous sheet by welding, the 'seams or welded joints beingindicated at 7. An alternative method would be to form the welded seams at `8, in which case the sheet 2, would comprise the folds or bends included between the two points 8, and the outer sides of the extreme heat passages 3 would be lateral extensions of the front sheet 1. The back sheet 5 may loosely Vinclose the structure, or the front edges of thesides 6 of said sheet may be welded to the front sheet at 9.

It will be noted that the sheet 2 is folded at the back to provide the narrow heat passages 3 and at the front to provide the wider air passages 4; in other words, the larger bends 10 of the structure are those at the front and which constitute the front walls of the air passages, while the smaller bends 11 are at the back and rearwardly close the heat passages. The heat passages 3 are closed at their tops and bottoms by bending the upper and lower edges of their walls together and joining or welding them at the seams indicated at 12, the effect of which is of course to form a continuous longitudinal joint or connection between the folds of the' sheet 2, as indicated at 13, both at the top and bottom. In order to make these as straight joints, the upper and lower ends of the front bends 10 of the sheet 2 are fiattened off as indicated'at 14. At its opposite ends, the front sheet 1 is formed into vertical rolls or approximately tubular portions 15 the edges of which meet and are joined to the edges of the folded sheet 2 at the welded seams 7 previously indicated; and at its top and bottom said front sheet is formed into semi-tubular rolls 16, the edges of which are welded to the front bends of the folded sheet 2 along the longitudinal joints 13; thus connectin the front sheet 1 to the top and bottom o the folded sheet 2 by continuous welded seam-joints. By this means, the front sheet 1 and folded sheet 2 are so joined at the sides and along the top and bottom at the front, as to provide across the entire series of heat spaces 3 and communicating therewith a large common heat-chamber 17 lion a front wall 1 joined laterally and at the top and bottom to a back wall 2, providing an. intermediate.common heat-chamber 17, the back wall being formed with .or constituted by a series of folds or forwardlyconnected narrow heat-sections 3, communieating at the front with said heat-chamber 17, but`closed at the top,'back and bottom, and leaving wide, unobstructed air spaces 4 between the respective heat sections, which air spaces, being ,inclosed between the forward-connections 0r bends l() of the said back wall 2 and another wall 5 placed behind the series of sections,'make chimneylikepassages for the circulation of the air.

-The tubes 15 are closed'l at their tops by suitable caps 20, and the lower ends of said bends of the folded sheet 2, at which spots the contacting surfaces are or may be joined or welded together so as to secure .the entire front sheet of the radiator at various points or places to the folds of the sheet and thus strengthen the structure and resist the strain of internal pressure. In the drawings, the corrugations or depressions are denoted by the numeral 24 and the. spotsor points at which they contact with and are welded to the bends of the sheet 2 are indicated at 25. As illustrated, the corrugations are in the form of light wavy depressions scattered over the sheet so as to give the visual effect of circulation; but as previously stated they may be arranged in various ways, as, for example, horizontally, obliquely, zigzag or other appropriately arranged corrugations, or in place of corrugations the front sheet may simply be indented at spots and welded to the bends of the folded sheet. For a similar reason, the

' folds of the sheet 2 are transversely connected, being preferably tied between the Walls of the heat spaces 3. .A preferred means is by indentating and welding the said walls at spots, as indicated at 26, but

several alternative methods, among others, would be to insert and weld small metal pieces between said walls, or Wires or rods shorter than the width of the heat spaces if arranged rhorizontally and shorter than the height :of said spacesif arranged vertically therein; and it may also be stated that my broad invention includes the joining of the sheet metal parts by riveting. or other suitable means of joining, both at thel s ots and the seams previously mentione although the welded spot and seam joints are muci superior and in the connections stated are claimed as a feature offmy invention.

In operation, the heating fluid supplied by the inlet pi e 22 fills the entire heatchamber 17 inc uding the passages 18 and 19 and the series of narrow heat spaces 3 in the folds or heat sections of the radiator body, and the heating iluid circulates up the right hand passage 18 and across through the upper passage 19 and through the entire heat-chamber 17 behind vthe front sheetor panel, into and out from the respective heat spaces 3, leaving by the left hand passage 18 and lower passage 19 and 'the outlet pipe 23g-although o course the circulation is not confined to any particular course orcourses as the entire heatmgchamber 17 is a common chamber in communication with all of the vertical heat spaces assmg out Not only is there provided a very large radiating area 'or surface, which being of sheet metal all the more readily absorbs and transmits the heat, but as the heat passages are confined between closely arranged opposing walls throughout the apparatus, making an assemblage of thin, flat heat spaces, a less Volume of the heating fluid is required to fill the passages and thoroughly overheating or scorching of air by lingering 1n contact wlth hot metal, and furnishing 95 a large'volume of fresh heated air tothe room.

Preferably to 'the top of the back plate 5, there is hinged or pivotally mounted an air-valve or mutller 27 providing a cover for lthe entire apparatus, that is for the space-inclosed within the sides 6 and. back of the plate 5, which cover when partially closed reduces the hea-t transmission by restricting the air circulation, and when wholly closed confines the air beneath it and practically stops all heat transmission except from the front exterior surface of the radiator, which .is sufcient only to keep the room warm in mild weather. By the location of the mufller and its curved form, it also serves as a delector to direct the heated vair-currents away from the wall and into the interior of the room.

The mutlier may be adjusted and secured in desired position by any suitable means, as, for example, by means of stift' hinges, but preferably the muffler is arranged between sector-shaped side plates 28 at the top of the radiator, one or both of which is or maybe provided -with a corrugated or toothed-like segment 29 with which the 0nd or ends of the muiiler engage frictionally, allowing the mufller to be moved up and down but holding it in thcpositiou to which it is adjusted.

Fig. 2 shows a preferred manner of installing the radiator in a` recess 30 in the wall of the room or apartment. 31 denotes the inner wall and 32 the 4outer wall of the building. 33 is a segmental hood secured in the wall at the top of the recess 30, said hood being formed or provided with the aforesaid side plates 28 which carry the corrugated segments. 34 is a sheet of asbestos placed behind the .Ww 35 is an opening in the wall at the base of the recess 30, for admitting fresh out-door air, and 36 is a valve for controlling the volume of air admit-ted, the valve being shown in closed position and an open position being indicated in dotted lines. It will be seenV that this arrangement provides for eiiicient ventilation by supplying copious quantities of pure fresh air tothe room and heating it as it enters.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new 'and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A radiator having spacedsheebmetal plates providing therebetween a sealed heat chamber, one of said plates forming a substantially flat front for said chamber and the other plate forming a substantially flat ,back for the chamber and being folded to form rearwardly elongated narrow flat heat spaces and intervening wider air passages the heat spaces communicating with sai sealed heat chamber and being sealed at their upper and lower ends, and the air passages being open at their upper and lower ends. A

2. A sheet-metal radiator comprising a sheet folded to -provide a series of alternat` ing heat spaces and air spaces, the heat spaces being closed attheir tops and bottoms, a front sheet inclosing between it and said folded sheet a common heat chamber in communication with said heat spaces, and tie-connections between said front sheet and the front bends of said folded sheet.

3. `A sheet-metal radiator comprising a sheet folded to provide a series of alternating heat spaces and air spaces, the heat spaces being closed at their tops and bottoms, and a front sheet, inclosingbetween it and said folded sheet a common heat chamber in communication with said heat spaces, the front sheet having depressions or indentations welded at spots to the front bends of the folded sheet.

'4. In a sheet-metal radiator, a sheet folded to provide a series of spaces opening alternately at opposite sides, and another sheet secured topone face of said folded sheet `to intersect the planes of the folds4 and form a sealed chamber with the folded sheet, said second sheet being welded at spots upon the adjacent folds of the folded sheet, and the spaces opening toward said vsecond sheet being sealed at top and bottom.

5. In a sheet metal radiator of the character described, the'combination of a sheet` l folded to provide a series of narrow heat ofthe heat spaces being welded together at their top and bottoms and intermediately welded together at spots, and' a front sheet d united to said first mentioned sheet so as to forma heat-chamber in communication with said narrow heat spaces and welded at spots to the front bends of said folded sheet.

6. A .sheet metal radiator comprising a sheet folded to provide a series of alternating heat spaces and air spaces, theheat spaces being closed at their tops 'and bottoms, and a front sheet inclosing between it and said folded sheet a commonI heat chamber in communication with said heat spaces, said front sheet being joined at the top, sides and bottom to said folded sheet by continuous welded joints, and having indentations scattered over its area and welded at spots between front bends of said folded sheet. l

7. A sheet metal radiator comprising a Isheet folded to provide a series of alternatl ingy heat spaces and air spaces, the heat spaces opening at the front and having` their walls joined together at the top and bottom edges, and the front bends of said folded sheet being flattened at the top and bottom so as to bring them together along continuous lines, and a front late inclosing between it and said folded p ate a common heat vchamber in communication with said heat spaces, said front plate being joined to said folded plate at the top and bottom along said continuous lines and being joined thereto at the sides.

8. A sheet metal radiator comprising a sheet folded to provide a series of alternating heat spaces and air spaces, the heat spaces opening at the front and having their walls welded together at their top and bottom edges, and the front bends of said folded sheet being flattened at the top and bottom to bring them together along continuous lines, and` a front sheet inclosing between it and said folded sheetv a common heat chamber in communication with said heat spaces, lsaid front sheet being welded to said folded sheet at the sides and at the Itop and bottom along said continuous lines.

9. A sheet metal radiator' comprising a front sheet and a back sheet inclosing between them a heat chamber, the back sheet having a series of folds providing heat spaces in communication with saidheat chamber and intervening air s aces, the heat spaces being closed .at t eir tops and bottoms, the front sheet being joined to the folded sheet at the top, bottom and sides and beingy formed with upper, lower and lateral swells to provide enlarged ver-f` tical and transverse passages.-

10. A sheet metal radiator comprisingi'a frontsheet and a back sheetinclosing tween them a heat chamber, theA back sheet f having a series` of folds providing heat and transverse passages, the lateral swellsforming tubes elosed at their tops and having their bottoms respectively connected to inlet and outlet pipes for the heating fluid.

J1. A sheet metal radiator body made as a eontinuous sheet of metal and comprising a frontl and back joined directly to each other at the top and bottom, the back eomposed of a series of folds providing alternate heat spaces in communication with a common heat chamber inclosed by the front, and intervening air spaces, and the structure including upright tubular formations at the opposite sides thereof adapted for coupling to inlet and outlet pipes for heating fluid.

IQ. A radiator comprising a front, a back composed of a series of sheet metal folds providing heat spaces alternating With air spaces, the heat spaces being closed at the top and bott-om and in communication with a source of heat-ing fluid supply, and a easing inclosing the folds and open at. the top and bottom to provide chimney-like air passages between the heat spaces, the casing passing across the back ends of the folds and around the sides of the end folds and secured to the side edges of the front and back.

13. A radiator comprising a front, a back composed of a series of sheet metal folds arranged to provide alternating narrow heat spaces and intervening Wide air spaces, the

lheat spaces being closed at the top and bottom and in communieation with a source of heating luid supply, and a easing inclosing the folds and o-pen at the top and bot tom, the casing passing aeross the back ends of the folds andaronml the sides of the end folds and seenred to the side edges of the front and bark. A

.l-t. A radiator comprising a l'ront. sheet, and a bark' sheet `joined to the trontsheet to form an inelosed spare tlwrebetween, the back sheet being folded bark and forth upon itself to form a series of heating chainlars, wit-h `intervening air spares open at their tops and bottoms, a sheet secured to the rear of the folds of the back sheet andforming the intervening air spar-es int-o chimnevlihe passages, and a muliier .onnected to the radiator over the tops ot said air passages and movable to and from them to rover or partially eover said' passages.

15. A radiator comprising a body consisting of a single` sheet metal plate folded to provide a series of narrow heat spaces and alternating air spares open at top and bottom, the walls o'l said heat spaces having their upper and lower edges welded together and being also welded across the heat spaces intermediately in spots, and a front plate covering the fronts of said heat spaces and welded at spots to the folded plate between the heat spaces.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature, in presence of two Witnesses.

MILTON J. `FARQUHAR.

Witnesses:

MELVILLE HYER, NATHAN M. LIN'roN. 

